Yes, you can get a developer environment through GNOME Builder which is available in the app center. If you prefer a terminal-based environment, you can use Flatpak SDKs that are available from Flathub (although they’re hidden in the app center, you have to install them from the terminal.)
I myself use either org.gnome.Sdk//3.26 or com.endlessm.apps.Sdk//master, and most developer tools that I’m missing can be overlaid on top of that environment using Flapjack (see my post about that: https://community.endlessos.com/t/announcing-flapjack-developer-tools-for-endless-os/5442)