Thank you a lot for your answer.
Unfortunately, when I wrote this command into Terminal it tell me that no such command was found. But then I reload my laptop and saw that the wi-fi icon emerged and my laptop connected to wi-fi. However, when I’ve tried to open few webpages through Google Chrome nothing downloaded and “No wi-fi adapter found” appeared. After one more reload the problem of neither icon nor connection remained. After third reload the icon was shown and the webpage downloaded.
Now it works.
To tell the truth I’m not certain for how long it will work and if it will work properly after one more reload.
One more time thank you a lot for your advice.
Maybe there is a possibility to ensure proper work of wi-fi in the future on case of "No wi-fi adapter found?