As of VS Code 1.45 Podman containers are natively supported as a remote development target. https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-docs/blob/master/remote-release-notes/v1_45.md#podman-support
However they say you need conmon > 2.0.14 installed in order to get a fix for https://github.com/containers/libpod/issues/5046 Endless OS ships with conmon 2.0.0. sid and bullseye have 2.0.9 so there isn’t an easy “sync from debian”.